\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} 5x - 3a = 7\ \ \ \ \ | \cdot 4 \\ 4x + 7a = 15\ \ \ | \cdot 5 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} 20x - 12a = 28 \\ 20x + 35a = 75 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ }( - )\]
\[- 47a = - 47\]
\[a = 1\]
\[5x - 3 \cdot 1 = 7\]
\[5x = 3 + 7 = 10\]
\[x = 2\]
\[Ответ:a = 1;\ \ \ x = 2.\]