\[x^{2} + 10x + 9 =\]
\[= x^{2} + 10x + 25 - 16 =\]
\[= (x + 5)^{2} - 16 =\]
\[= (x + 5 - 4)(x + 5 + 4) =\]
\[= (x + 1)(x + 9)\]