\[x^{4} - 82x^{2} + 81 = 0\]
\[Пусть\ \ \ t = x^{2} \geq 0:\]
\[t^{2} - 82t + 81 = 0\]
\[t_{1} + t_{2} = 82;\ \ t_{1} \cdot t_{2} = 81\]
\[t_{1} = 81,\ \ t_{2} = 1.\]
\[Подставим:\ \]
\[x^{2} = 81\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x^{2} = 1\]
\[x = \pm 9\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x = \pm 1\]
\[Ответ:\ x = \pm 9;\ x = \pm 1.\]