\[x^{8} - 82x^{4} + 81 = 0\]
\[Пусть\ a = x^{4}:\]
\[a^{2} - 82a + 81 = 0\]
\[a_{1} + a_{2} = 82;\ \ \ \ a_{1} \cdot a_{2} = 81\]
\[a_{1} = 81;\ \ \ a_{2} = 1.\]
\[a = 81:\]
\[x^{4} = 81\]
\[x = \pm 3.\]
\[a = 1:\]
\[x^{4} = 1\]
\[x = \pm 1.\]
\[Ответ:\ \pm 1;\ \pm 3.\]