\[S = 27;\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ b_{1} + b_{2} + b_{3} = 35:\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} \frac{b_{1}}{1 - q} = 27\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ b_{1} + b_{1}q + b_{1}q^{2} = 35 \\ \end{matrix}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \right.\ \]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} b_{1} = 27 \cdot (1 - q)\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ } \\ b_{1}\left( 1 + q + q^{2} \right) = 35 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[27 \cdot (1 - q) = \frac{35}{1 + q + q^{2}}\]
\[27 \cdot (1 - q)\left( 1 + q + q^{2} \right) = 35\ \ \ \ \]
\[27 \cdot \left( 1 - q^{3} \right) = 35\ \ \]
\[1 - q^{3} = \frac{35}{27}\]
\[q^{3} = \frac{27 - 35}{27}\]
\[q^{2} = \frac{- 8}{27}\text{\ \ \ \ }\]
\[q = - \frac{2}{3}.\]
\[b_{1} = 27 \cdot \left( 1 + \frac{2}{3} \right) = 27 \cdot \frac{5}{3} = 45.\]
\[Ответ:b_{1} = 45;\ \ \ q = - \frac{2}{3}.\]