\[\left( \frac{a + 1}{a} + a \right)^{2} - \left( \frac{a + 1}{a} - a \right)^{2} =\]
\[= \left( \frac{a + 1}{a} + a - \frac{a + 1}{a} + a \right)\left( \frac{a + 1}{a} + a + \frac{a + 1}{a} - a \right) =\]
\[= 2a \cdot \frac{a + 1 + a + 1}{a} = 2 \cdot (2a + 2) =\]
\[= 4a + 4.\]