\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} a - b = 1\ \ \ \ \ (1) \\ a + b = - 5\ \ (2) \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[(1) + (2) \Longrightarrow 2a = - 4\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} 2a = - 4\ \ \ \ \ \ \\ a + b = - 5 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ \ \ }\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} a = - 2\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ b = - 5 - a \\ \end{matrix}\ \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ }\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} a = - 2\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ b = - 5 - ( - 2) \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ }\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} a = - 2 \\ b = - 3 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[Ответ:( - 2;\ - 3).\]