\[(a + 2b)(a - 2b) - (a - b)^{2} =\]
\[= a^{2} - (2b)^{2} - \left( a^{2} - 2ab + b^{2} \right) =\]
\[= a^{2} - 4b^{2} - a^{2} + 2ab - b^{2} =\]
\[= - 5b^{2} + 2ab.\]