\[ax^{2} + 3ax = ax\left( x^{2 - 1} + 3 \right) =\]
\[= \text{ax}(x + 3)\]
\[Проверка:\]
\[\text{ax}(x + 3) = ax^{1 + 1} + 3ax =\]
\[= ax^{2} + 3ax;\]
\[ax^{2} + 3ax = ax^{2} + 3ax\]
\[верно.\]